New records of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from a coffee agroecosystem of southeastern Brazil

We identified 614 specimens of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) collected in a coffee agroecosystem located at Cravinhos, São Paulo, Brazil. As a result, 34 nominal species were found belonging to 22 genera and 10 subfamilies. Temelucha hilux Gauld, 2000 and Xiphosomella bonera Gauld, 2000 were registered for the first time in South America, Colpotrochia diabella Gauld & Sithole, 2002 for the first time in Brazil, and Acerastes pertinax (Cresson, 1872), Colpotrochia mexicana (Cresson, 1868), Colpotrochia neblina Gauld & Sithole, 2002, Colpotrochia texana (Cresson, 1872), Diplazon mulleolus Dasch, 1964, Eiphosoma nigrovittatum Cresson, 1865, Enicospilus flavus (Fabricius, 1775), Enicospilus glabratus (Say, 1835), Enicospilus purgatus (Say, 1835), Lymeon haemorrhoidalis (Taschenberg, 1876), Mesostenus alvarengae Porter, 1973, Microcharops plaumanni Gupta, 1987, Nonnus niger (Brullé, 1846), Ophiogastrella maculithorax Brues, 1912, Pachysomoides stupidus (Cresson, 1874), Polycyrtus albolineatus Cameron, 1911, and Trieces horisme Gauld & Sithole, 2002 for the first time in the state of São Paulo. Other 14 species that are already registered for the state of São Paulo, were found for the first time in a coffee agroecosystem.

Ichneumonidae is the largest family within Hymenoptera, currently divided into 39 subfamilies with more than 25,000 described species (Yu et al. 2016;Bennett et al. 2019). In general, they are solitary parasitoids, and most of the species attack larvae and pupae of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera and even Hymenoptera itself. This family is economically important as a biological control agent of pests from several cultures (Gauld 1991;Gauld 2006;Palacio & Wahl 2006). In Brazil, the family is represented by 1,025 species distributed in 235 genera and 28 subfamilies (Fernandes et al. 2020a).
In general, the assemblage of crop-associated parasitoids is determined by the features of the agroecosystem. Conventional cultures simplify the physical structure of the agricultural landscape, increasing the dependence on the use of agricultural inputs, and decreasing the diversity of parasitoid species (Estrada 2008). However, in less disturbed agroecosystems, without the intensive use of agricultural inputs, the parasitoid assembly is related to crop diversity, soil cover, weeds and vegetation adjacent to the crop (Estrada 2008;Sandonato et al. 2010).
The material examined was collected between May 2005 and April 2007 in a coffee plantation (Coffea arabica -Rubiaceae) at Cravinhos (21°18'54"S 47°47'39"W), in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The insects were sampled with: (a) Moericke traps -fixed on wooden stakes on the lower thirds of the plant (hereinafter referred as IYPT) and middle thirds (hereinafter referred as SYPT) of the plant and, (b) with two Jermy model light traps (hereinafter referred as LT) installed on poles about 50 m apart from each other (more details about sampling methodology see Lara et al. 2010 andTango et al. 2014).
The geographic distribution of the species was verified with Mazón & Bordera (2016) and Alvarado & Figueroa (2019) for Metopiinae, Yu et al. (2016) for other ichneumonids, and with Fernandes et al. (2020a) for the occurrence in Brazilian states. New records for Brazil are indicated with an asterisk (*), and for the state of São Paulo with two asterisks (**). The distribution maps were made using SimpleMappr online software (Shorthouse 2010).
In total, 1803 specimens of Ichneumonidae were collected, distributed in 16 subfamilies, 62 genera and 109 species/morphospecies. Of these, 614 specimens were analyzed, and 34 nominal species were identified belonging to 22 genera and 10 subfamilies. We have enlisted below only those specimens, which were identified to the species level. The other 1189 specimens were identified only in morphospecies until now and are not listed here.
Two species were found for the first time in South America, three in Brazil, and 20 in the state of São Paulo. Fourteen species already registered for the state of São Paulo are, for the first time, being documented in a coffee agroecosystem. Temelucha hilux Gauld, 2000 (Fig. 1) Material examined. SYPT, 9.xi.2006