Heimbra bicolor Subba Rao, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) in São Paulo state, Brazil

20, 2021. Abstract. Heimbra bicolor Subba Rao, 1978 (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) was previously known in Mexico, Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil, with records in Federal District and Rio Grande do Norte, Minas Gerais, and Santa Catarina states. Here, we newly report this species from the state of São Paulo based on three females collected at Estação Ecológica de Jataí, in the municipality of Luiz Antônio, São Paulo state, Brazil. Additionally, we provide a map with the geographical distribution of the species based on the new record and literature. This record increases the number of species of Heimbra known in São Paulo state to

Most species of Heimbra have a neotropical distribution, except for H. opaca, which extends further north reaching central and west regions of the USA (Stage & Snelling 1986;Fernandes et al. 2012;Noyes 2019;Perioto & Lara 2020).
Heimbra is poorly represented in entomological collections (Fernandes et al. 2012), and includes H. acuticollis Cameron, 1909, H. opaca (Ashmead, 1894), H. bicolor Subba Rao, 1978, H. nigra Subba Rao, 1978, H. pallida Stage & Snelling, 1986and H. parallela Stage & Snelling, 1986(Stage & Snelling 1986. Until now, three species of Heimbra were known in Brazil, including H. bicolor for the Federal District and Rio Grande do Norte, Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina states; H. opaca for the Federal District and Goiás state, and H. parallela for Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná states (Stage & Snelling 1986;Fernandes et al. 2012;Noyes 2019;Perioto & Lara 2020). Such records allow us to associate H. bicolor with Caatinga, Atlantic Rainforest and Brazilian savannah biomes; H. parallela with Atlantic Rainforest and Brazilian savannah biomes, and H. opaca with Brazilian savannah biome. Stage & Snelling (1986) stated that species of Heimbra seem to have a preference for xeric environments, which is not confirmed for H. bicolor and H. parallela, which also occur in wetter environments such as the Atlantic Rainforest (Stage & Snelling 1986;Fernandes et al. 2012). The new distribution record of H. bicolor in a riparian forest such as the one presented here is important for a better understanding of the real distribution of this parasitic wasp.
The specimens reported here were collected with Malaise traps in a riparian forest adjacent to the Mogi-Guaçu River at Estação Ecológica de Jataí (EEJ).
The EEJ has about 9,000 ha, is located in the municipality of Luiz Antônio, São Paulo state, Brazil, and it includes habitats like the dry mesophytic semideciduous forest and the Brazilian savannah (Kronka et al. 2005), remnants of Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp. cultivars, and aquatic habitats located near Mogi-Guaçu River. The climate is Köpen AW type (tropical with wet summers and dry winters) and the total annual rainfall of 1,433 mm is concentrated between November and April (Cavalheiro et al. 1990). The sampling protocol used at EEJ is detailed in Versuti et al. (2014).
The studied specimens were identified through the identification key provided by Stage & Snelling (1986). The consistency of anatomical data with the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology project (Yoder et al. 2010;Seltmann et al. 2012) was determined using the proofing tool available through the Hymenoptera Glossary (HAO 2019). The details on body sculpture follows Harris (1979).
The images were taken using a digital camera Leica MC170 HD attached to a stereomicroscope Leica M205C APO and specimens illuminated with high diffuse dome illumination Leica LED5000 HDI. The images were combined by using the software Helicon Focus (version 5.3) and the figures were prepared using the software Adobe Photoshop (version 11.0).
The provided map with the geographical distribution of H. bicolor was generated with the Google MyMaps tool available at https://www. google.com.br/maps and is based on the literature data and the new record.
The information on the labels of the specimens examined was transcribed in the section of examined material as follows: the symbol backslash ( \ ) indicates the different lines on the label and two quotation marks ( " " ) indicate different labels on the same specimen.
Identification. According to Stage & Snelling (1986), H. bicolor (Fig.  1) can be distinguished from all other known species of the genus by presenting the following set of combined characters: body generally black except by the pronotum with conspicuous bright orange-red
Discussion. The previous records of H. bicolor presented in Figure  2 were obtained from Stage & Snelling (1986) and Fernandes et al. (2012). The new record shows that H. bicolor has a broad distribution in Brazil and indicates that this species is capable of developing in both tropical/humid and xeric/dry biomes, as the Atlantic Rainforest, Brazilian savannah, and Caatinga. Only three specimens of H. bicolor were sampled, only in the rainy season, despite the great sampling effort employed in the collections carried out at the EEJ (4380 trapdays with Malaise trap, 1690 trap-days with Moericke trap and, 624 trap-days with light trap). The reasons that lead to this small catch rate are unknown and factors such as their development in small populations and/or the low efficiency of the traps used should be taken into account. Such facts may explain the small number of specimens of Heimbra deposited in entomological collections and reinforce the idea that long-term fauna sampling is a good collection methodology for some rare groups of Hymenoptera.